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<title>Data entry</title>

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Data entry

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about a person-based process. For other uses, see <a href="Data_entry_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Data entry (disambiguation)">Data entry (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

Data entry is the process of digitizing data by entering it into a computer system for organization and management purposes. It is a <a href="Data_entry_clerk" title="Data entry clerk">person-based process</a> and is "one of the important basic"<a href="#cite_note-NIH1-1">[1]</a> tasks needed when no machine-readable version of the information is readily available for planned computer-based analysis or processing.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a>

Sometimes, data entry can involve working with or creating "information about information [whose value] can be greater than the value of the information itself."<a href="#cite_note-Dig2-3">[3]</a> It can also involve filling in required information which is then "data-entered" from what was written on the research document, such as the growth in available items in a category.<a href="#cite_note-Dig2-3">[3]</a>: 68 This is a higher level of abstraction<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> than <a href="Metadata" title="Metadata">metadata</a>, "information about data".<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Procedures">Procedures</h2></div>

Data entry is often done with a keyboard and at times also using a mouse,<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> although a manually-fed <a href="Image_scanner" title="Image scanner">scanner</a> may be involved.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>

Historically, devices lacking any pre-processing capabilities were used.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Keypunching">Keypunching</h3></div>

Data entry using <a href="Keypunch" title="Keypunch">keypunches</a> was related to the concept of <a href="Batch_processing" title="Batch processing">batch processing</a> – there was no immediate feedback.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Computer_keyboards">Computer keyboards</h3></div>

Computer keyboards and online data-entry provide the ability to give feedback to the <a href="Data_entry_clerk" title="Data entry clerk">data entry clerk</a> doing the work.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Numeric_keypads">Numeric keypads</h4></div>

The addition of <a href="Numeric_keypad" title="Numeric keypad">numeric keypads</a> to computer keyboards<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> introduced quicker and often also less error-prone entry of numeric data.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Computer_mouse">Computer mouse</h4></div>

The use of a <a href="Computer_mouse" title="Computer mouse">computer mouse</a>, typically on a personal computer, opened up another option for doing data entry.<a href="#cite_note-Omics-15">[15]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Touch_screens">Touch screens</h3></div>

<a href="Touchscreen" title="Touchscreen">Touch screens</a> introduced even more options, including the ability to stand and do data entry,<a href="#cite_note-Omics-15">[15]</a> especially given "a proper height of work surface when performing data entry."

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spreadsheets">Spreadsheets</h2></div>

Although most data entered into a computer are stored in a database, a significant amount is stored in a spreadsheet.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> The use of spreadsheets instead of databases for data entry can be traced to the 1979 introduction of <a href="Visicalc" class="mw-redirect" title="Visicalc">Visicalc</a>,<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> and what some consider the wrong place<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> for storing computational data continues.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a>

Format control<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> and specialized data validation are reasons that have been cited for using database-oriented data entry software.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Data_management">Data management</h2></div>

The search for assurance about the accuracy of the data entry process predates computer keyboards and online data entry.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> IBM even went beyond their 056 Card Verifier and developed their quieter IBM 059 model.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a>

Modern techniques go beyond mere range checks, especially when the new data can be evaluated using probability about an event.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assessment">Assessment</h3></div>

In one study, a medical school tested its second year students and found their data entry skills – needed if they are to do small-scale unfunded research as part of their training – were below what the school considered acceptable, creating potential barriers.<a href="#cite_note-NIH1-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Errors">Errors</h3></div>

Common errors in data entry include transposition errors, misclassified data, duplicate data, and omitted data, which are similar to <a href="Bookkeeping" title="Bookkeeping">bookkeeping</a> errors. <a href="Electronic_data_interchange" title="Electronic data interchange">Electronic data interchange</a> (EDI) can help to avoid data entry errors.

<ul><li><a href="Two_pass_verification" class="mw-redirect" title="Two pass verification">Two pass verification</a></li>

<li><a href="Quality_control" title="Quality control">Quality control</a></li>

<li><a href="Clinical_data_management" title="Clinical data management">Clinical data management</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_verification" title="Data verification">Data verification</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_entry_clerk" title="Data entry clerk">Data entry clerk</a></li>

<li><a href="Input_(computer_science)" title="Input (computer science)">Input (computer science)</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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